A step-by-step guide to building and booting a clean base Yocto image for the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W

Building a Base Yocto Image for Raspberry Pi Zero 2W

A beginner's guide to setting up your environment for the SmartThings API. This post covers generating tokens and making your first API calls.

Getting Started with the SmartThings API - Environment Setup

A step-by-step guide to creating and integrating a custom meta-layer to manage your own recipes and configurations in a Yocto build for the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W

Creating a Custom Yocto Layer for Raspberry Pi Zero 2W

A guide to creating custom image recipes and distribution configurations in your own Yocto layer, eliminating the need for manual local.conf edits

Defining Custom Image and Distro for Raspberry Pi Zero 2W

A step-by-step guide to configuring Yocto recipes and hardware setup for the GT911 touch controller

Enabling GT911 Touchscreen on Raspberry Pi Zero 2W with Yocto

 A step-by-step guide to enabling the SPI interface and configuring Yocto recipes for E-Paper displays

Enabling E-Ink Display on Raspberry Pi Zero 2W with Yocto

Understanding and using the $RANDOM internal variable in Bash, including its open-source implementation

Bash $RANDOM Variable

A guide to configuring a Docker build environment, syncing repositories, and compiling a custom ROM for the n5110

Building LineageOS 14.1 for Samsung Galaxy Note 8.0 (n5110)

Explore the internal process and usage of gcc attributes: constructor (pre-main execution) and destructor (post-main execution).

gcc attribute: constructor & destructor

A guide to flashing the compiled LineageOS 14.1 ROM and recovery image to the Samsung Galaxy Note 8.0 (n5110).

Flashing LineageOS 14.1 for Samsung Galaxy Note 8.0 (n5110)

Explore the -Wformat option in GCC to detect format string errors and security vulnerabilities at compile time.

gcc options: -Wformat

The cleanup attribute runs a function when a variable goes out of scope. This attribute can only be applied to auto function scope variables.

gcc attribute: cleanup

Exploring why NULL and 0 are not equivalent in GNU C through pre-processor results and memory analysis.

NULL != 0

The nonnull attribute specifies that some function parameters should be non-null pointers. This allows the compiler to check at compile-time if a null pointer is passed to these arguments.

gcc attribute: nonnull

A guide to understanding and using the -fsigned-char and -funsigned-char GCC options to control the signedness of plain char.

gcc options: -fsigned-char

The alloca() function allocates size bytes of space in the stack frame of the caller. This temporary space is automatically freed when the function that called alloca() returns to its caller.

gcc builtin: alloca

You can use the built-in function __builtin_choose_expr to evaluate code depending on the value of a constant expression. This built-in function returns exp1 if const_exp, which is an integer constant expression, is nonzero. Otherwise it returns exp2.

gcc builtin: choose_expr

The format attribute specifies that a function takes printf, scanf, strftime or strfmon style arguments which should be type-checked against a format string.

gcc attribute: format, format_arg

A breakdown of AI Agent core components (Environment, Sensors, LLM, Tools, Memory), 7 agent types, when to use agents, and a hands-on Python example with Azure AI Foundry.

AI Agents for Beginners - 1. Intro to AI Agents and Agent Use Cases

A comparison of Microsoft Agent Framework and Azure AI Agent Service — modular components, multi-agent collaboration, and when to use each for building production AI agents.

AI Agents for Beginners - 2. Explore Agentic Frameworks

A guide to Agentic Design Principles (Space, Time, Core) and three practical patterns — Clear Instructions, Structured Output, and Single Responsibility — for building effective AI agents.

AI Agents for Beginners - 3. Agentic Design Patterns

How AI agents use tools via function calling — building blocks, tool schemas, approval modes, and practical examples with Microsoft Agent Framework and Azure AI Agent Service.

AI Agents for Beginners - 4. Tool Use Design Pattern

Agentic RAG — how LLMs autonomously decide when and how to retrieve information, iterate with a maker-checker loop, self-correct, and deliver high-quality grounded responses.

AI Agents for Beginners - 5. Agentic RAG

How to build safe and trustworthy AI agents — system message framework, threat mitigation, and human-in-the-loop patterns for secure, reliable agentic systems.

AI Agents for Beginners - 6. Building Trustworthy AI Agents

How to build planning agents that decompose complex goals into structured subtasks, route work to specialized agents, and iteratively re-plan based on real-world feedback.

AI Agents for Beginners - 7. Planning Design Pattern

Multi-agent design patterns — when to use them, building blocks of agent communication and coordination, Group Chat / Hand-off / Collaborative Filtering patterns, and a WorkflowBuilder pipeline walkthrough.

AI Agents for Beginners - 8. Multi-Agent Design Pattern

Metacognition in AI agents — self-reflection, corrective RAG, pre-emptive context loading, goal bootstrapping, intent-aware search, code generation, and SQL as RAG.

AI Agents for Beginners - 9. Metacognition in AI Agents

How to move AI agents from prototype to production — observability with traces and spans, key metrics, OpenTelemetry instrumentation, offline/online evaluation, cost management, and a real expense claim demo.

AI Agents for Beginners - 10. AI Agents in Production: Observability & Evaluation

MCP, A2A, and NLWeb — three agentic protocols for standardized tool access, agent-to-agent collaboration, and natural language interfaces on the web.

AI Agents for Beginners - 11. Using Agentic Protocols (MCP, A2A and NLWeb)

How Context Engineering differs from Prompt Engineering, the five types of context in AI Agents, practical management strategies, and how to recognize and fix Context Poisoning, Distraction, Confusion, and Clash failures.

AI Agents for Beginners - 12. Context Engineering

Memory types for AI Agents (Working, Short-term, Long-term, Persona, Episodic, Entity, Structured RAG), implementation with Mem0, Cognee, and Azure AI Search, and the self-improving agent pattern with code examples.

AI Agents for Beginners - 13. Memory for AI Agents

Microsoft Agent Framework (MAF) core concepts — Agents, Threads, Middleware, Memory, Observability — and advanced workflow patterns including Sequential, Concurrent, Handoff orchestration, Middleware injection, and Human-in-the-Loop with code examples.

AI Agents for Beginners - 14. Microsoft Agent Framework

Build a Computer Use Agent (CUA) with Browser-Use and Playwright via CDP integration. Covers vision-based navigation, structured Pydantic extraction, Agent vs Actor pattern selection, and a real-world Airbnb price comparison workflow.

AI Agents for Beginners - 15. Computer Use Agent (CUA)

An overview of the Linux Direct Rendering Manager (DRM): why it exists, the user and kernel stack, the /dev/dri device nodes, and the core structures drm_driver, drm_device and drm_file in Linux v6.19.

Linux DRM - 구조와 전체 그림

How Linux DRM comes up: drm_core_init registers major number 226, and a driver such as vkms creates its /dev/dri nodes through drm_dev_init and drm_dev_register in Linux v6.19.

Linux DRM - 코어 초기화와 드라이버 등록

The code path of open() and ioctl() in Linux DRM v6.19: drm_stub_open, drm_file_alloc, drm_ioctl dispatch and permission checks, plus a libdrm probe example.

Linux DRM - open()과 ioctl() 코드 흐름

How Linux DRM manages GPU buffers with GEM: drm_gem_object, per-file handles, dumb buffer creation and the mmap fake offset path with page faults in Linux v6.19.

Linux DRM - GEM: handle, dumb buffer, mmap

A user-focused guide to the model files in ComfyUI: what Checkpoint, LoRA, VAE, text encoder, ControlNet and upscale models are, how base, fine-tuned, merged and distilled models differ, and which model family fits which job.

ComfyUI 모델 파일 정리 - Checkpoint, LoRA, VAE 그리고 모델 고르는 법

How Linux DRM shares buffers between processes and devices with PRIME and dma-buf: handle to fd export, fd to handle import, the dma_buf_ops table, and a dumb buffer plus PRIME example.

# comfyui